You have now learnt about three theories of human development:
1. What major similarities have you noticed between the three theories?
2. What are the major differences?
The major similarities between the 3 theories is that they are all in stages - to move to the next stage, the former stage must be conquered. They are also revolved around development that occurs when people are children and how this impacts later developmental stages.
The major differences are the focus on types of development - sexual, social, and cognitive. Freud's theories are more driven by the subconscious. Piaget only focuses on the lifespan of children whereas Erikson focuses on the entire lifespan
Similarities:
All three theories focus on how people develop through stages over time. They emphasize the importance of early experiences and how each stage influences later behaviour and personality.
Differences:
Freud focused on unconscious drives and emotions, Erikson on social and emotional challenges across the lifespan, and Piaget on how thinking and reasoning develop through interaction with the environment.
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They all have steps or milestones that must be achieved before moving on. Rather than seeing that developmental processors maybe can overlap or that there could be a regression.
All three theories explained how identifies are developed during different stages of human development across the lifespan. Erikson’s theory focuses on how the interactions with the wider world shape our understandings of our own identities through 8 stages across lifespan. On the other hand Piaget’s theory focuses on how we perceive our identities and using it to interpret the wider world through 4 stages across the lifespan. In contrast, Freud’s theory focuses on how our sensory experiences in early childhood and other experiences help developing our identities, particularly using the information stored in the unconscious mind.
I noticed that all three theorists seem to agree that issues in early life can continue to affect a person later in their lives if they're not addressed.
Piagets theory seems to focus on how humans learn, while Freuds theory focuses on early life unconcious influences on human development, then Eriksons theory focuses on a more holistic approach of many dimensions of influence in development over the entire lifetime.
Similarities - they are all age group or age milestone-based, they all theorise that experiences shape who we become as an individual particularly those in early years, external factors such as family interactions can influence our development.
Differences - Freud bases his theories on more the unconscious mind, Erikson focuses more on our social experiences, and Piaget on our intellectual learning and development.
Each of the three theories has distinct stages with challenges that need to be resolved before moving on to the next stage. They all start out with the child being egocentric and move towards the ability to take others into account. They also demonstrate the formation of identity and the importance of positive regard from caregivers and others in the environment to help the child succeed in each stage.
The major differences are that Freud talks about the subconscious and the preconscious, whereas Erikson's stages are about behavioural traits, and Piaget is about changes in the brain leading to physical and practical learning skills and while they all intersect, they are also fairly distinct.
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The similarities are that what happens to a person in their earlier years affects them accordingly in their later years; it could be a multitude of factors or even just one, such as stopping breastfeeding at a certain age. The layers of social, cognitive, and sexual development influence our identities, learning capabilities, and behaviours through experiences from the moment we come into the world.
Psychosexual theorizes on libido and sexuality development, psychosocial theorizes on social development impacts/experiences of family and peers, cognitive development theorizes on the brains development through mental and physical development tasks.
The differences are that cognitive theory is about how our brains develop and depending on what we are allowed to do will determine our future being. Sexual theory is about how we are treated as babies and the implications that has on our future being, and Social theory relates to our interactions with family and peers and how that builds self-esteem and affects our future being.
All three theories emphasize the connection between earlier experiences and later life outcomes, acknowledging that early experiences significantly shape development. In other words, life events cannot be seen as isolated incidents.
The three theories differ in terms of their developmental drivers, areas of emphasis, and focus. Despite these differences, each theory can be very useful when applied to different counselling situations
Psychosexual [Sigmund Freud], Psychosocial [Erik Erikson], Cognitive Development [Jean Piaget]
What major similarities have you noticed between the three theories? Similarities are that each theory is divided into stages of a persons life and their development. Another similarity is the impact of their family and peers have a bearing on their development.
What are the major differences? Psychosexual theorizes on libido and sexuality development, psychosocial theorizes on social development impacts/experiences of family and peers, cognitive development theorizes on the brains development through mental and physical development tasks. In the content provided in this module, psychosexual and psychosocial suggest that what happens at one stage in life goes on to significantly impact other stages in later development. While that is not suggested in the content provided here on cognitive development, I am sure that what happens to a person in one stage of their cognitive development does go on to impact the next stage of their development.
Similarities are that all three show the importance of life stages and categorise these stages, showing that individuals progress through these stages as they grow and how with each stage we building upon the previous one.
The major differences are where each focus their theories (psychosexual, psychosocial, cognitive) Freud emphasises unconscious drives and sexuality, Erikson centers on social and emotional challenges, and Piaget highlights cognitive processes and intellectual growth.
Similarities: All three describe development as a sequence of stages that build upon each other, with each stage standing for a certain task or conflict to master or resolve. They all point out the importance of early life experiences and environment for the trajectory of development.
All three are western theories and do not incorporate much cultural nuance.
Differences: All three theories look at distinct areas: Freud- unconscious sexual drives and a model of the psyche, Erikson- focuses on social interactions, Piaget- focuses on how thinking and learning happens.
While Freud's and Piaget's theories end with adolescence, Erikson describes development through all stages of life.
All three theories are similar as they break human development down into life stages that build on each other.
All three theories are stage-based and have an importance of early childhood. No stage can be forced; it's when the child is ready. All theorists seem to believe that whether it's success or not at the early stages, it will have a lasting effect on the person's personality, functioning and health moving to adulthood.
freud focus is all about primal urges to function in society 0 to puberty
Erikson is about finding a sense of self and relating to others throughout our lives from 0 to death
Piaget's is more about the world around us.
All 3 believe that childhood experiences shape adult development. And children are active participants in their own development.
Freud's theory in unconscious based whereas Erikson's is a long journey of developing personality and identity. Piaget comes from a cognitive point of view.
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The similarities between the 3 theories of human development is that they are all stage based according to your age and believe that your early stages of life influence you as an adult.
I think the differences between the 3 models is that Freud works mainly on the basis on the unconscious mind and desires whereas Erikson includes the social and cultural factors. Piaget focuses on how children think and learn not the emotional or social development factors.
Similarities:
They have all identified that development happens in multiple stages over time and most changes occur at similar ages. Freud and Eriksons theories are also similar in that a lot of it is relational
Differences:
Piaget differs from Freud and Sigmund in that his theory is far more independent. It's based on each person and doesn't seem to take relationships into consideration much, implying that his theory is based on nature rather than nurture. Freud is much more based in sexual identity than Erikson
similarities:
differences:
Some similarities between the three theories are that they focused on infancy years and the development/ impact they make.
Difference is Sigmund Freud focused on psychosexual development more based on unconscious mind and emotions. Erik Erikson focused on psychosocial development which is based on social structure. Jean Piaget focused more on cognitive development from infancy years.
Major similarities I have noticed between the three theories include that they all occur in developmental stages, Freud demonstrating 5 stages of development, Erikson 8, and Piaget 4. While the theorists all noticed age and stage was important, and Eriksons work was influenced by Freud, they had differing ideas. Freud had a high focus on conscious vs unconscious thoughts, while acknowledging past events can linger unconsciously in ones mind, effecting how they behave in the present. He used psychoanalysis to discuss clients dreams, past experiences, aiming to allow the client to deal with repressed conflicts. Erikson focused on psychosocial development, and unique biological events that occur at each stage, that if not dealt with in a healthy manner, can contribute to future conflicts. While Erikson involves some sexual themes, Freud uses sexual references more deeply. Piaget focuses on cognitive development through childhood, how they construct and progress at each stage through involvement and interactions, avoiding sexual themes.
1. Similarities: its all in stages and one leads to the next one, they all focus detailed on childhood and it shapes who we become, that most people go through the same stages in the same amount of time.
3. Differences: Freud focuses on emotional and sexual drives, Erikson on identity across the lifespan and Piaget on how children's thinking and understanding of the world develops their later life.
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1. All three theories are made up of stages relating to age groups.
2. There are different amounts of stages for each theory and the age ranges vary.
1. What major similarities have you noticed between the three theories?
They are all stage based and have specific ages attached to them. Each stage has specific tasks to overcome and each one builds onto the next. Early experiences can strongly affect later life experiences
2. What are the major differences?
Freuds theory is based around how people are shaped by unconscious thoughts established in childhood.
Eriksons theory is that people's identity is shaped by social experiences across the whole lifespan.
Piagets theory is based around how people learn not what they learn through actively discovering new knowledge.